NaOH
Compound · Base
Sodium hydroxide
氢氧化钠 (烧碱)
Sodium hydroxide (氢氧化钠 (烧碱)), formula NaOH, is a base with a molar mass of 40 g/mol (CAS 1310-73-2). White solid, strongly deliquescent; very soluble in water; dissolving is strongly exothermic.
Key facts
| Molar mass | 40 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Category | Base |
| State at 25°C | Solid |
| CAS | 1310-73-2 |
Structure
Na⁺ [O–H]⁻
Ionic compound of Na⁺ and OH⁻
Physical properties
| Appearance | White solid, strongly deliquescent |
|---|---|
| Melting point | 318 °C |
| Boiling point | 1388 °C |
| Density | 2.13 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Very soluble in water; dissolving is strongly exothermic |
Key reactions
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
Neutralisation with acid
2NaOH + CO₂ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
Absorbs CO₂ and other acidic gases
CuSO₄ + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂↓ + Na₂SO₄
Forms blue Cu(OH)₂ precipitate with copper salts
Main uses
- Paper, soap and detergent manufacturing
- Alumina refining, textile processing
- Drain cleaning and degreasing
Hazard
HighStrong caustic base; severely burns skin and eyes
Constituent elements
Data sources
Molar mass is computed from IUPAC (CIAAW) standard atomic weights; formula, properties and reactions can be verified on PubChem, NIST and Wikipedia. The CAS number is the substance's unique registry identifier. Educational reference only.