Antimony
Antimony (锑, symbol Sb) is chemical element number 51, a Metalloid in period 5, group 15 of the periodic table, with a standard atomic weight of about 121.76. Lustrous gray metalloid. Used in flame retardants, alloys, and ancient cosmetics.
Properties
| Atomic number | 51 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Sb |
| Atomic mass | 121.76 u |
| Category | Metalloid |
| Period | 5 |
| Group | 15 |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ |
| Electronegativity | 2.05 |
| Covalent radius | 139 pm |
| Density | 6.685 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 903.78 K |
| Boiling point | 1860 K |
| Discovery | Known since antiquity |
Overview
Lustrous gray metalloid. Used in flame retardants, alloys, and ancient cosmetics. Antimony (Sb) holds position 51 in the periodic table, a Metalloid in period 5, group 15. As a metalloid it shares properties of both metals and nonmetals and is a mainstay of semiconductor materials.
It has the configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ and an electronegativity near 2.05; its 5 outer-shell electrons drive its bonding. Under standard conditions it exists as a solid; it melts near 903.78 K (630.6 °C), boils near 1860 K (1586.9 °C), has a density around 6.685 g/cm³.
It is widely used in Structural / Alloys and Electronics / Semiconductors. On the safety side, it carries a moderate hazard rating. It has been known since antiquity.
Electron shells
Electrons per shell: 2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 5
Main uses
- Structural / Alloys
- Electronics / Semiconductors
Hazard
Compounds containing Antimony
No compounds in this knowledge base contain Antimony yet.
Data sources
Atomic mass uses IUPAC (CIAAW) standard atomic weights; the covalent radius is from Cordero et al. (2008). Verify on the RSC Periodic Table, PubChem and Wikipedia. Educational reference only.