Lead
Lead (铅, symbol Pb) is chemical element number 82, a Post-Transition Metal in period 6, group 14 of the periodic table, with a standard atomic weight of about 207.2. Soft, heavy, malleable metal. Used in batteries, radiation shielding, and historically in plumbing.
Properties
| Atomic number | 82 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Pb |
| Atomic mass | 207.2 u |
| Category | Post-Transition Metal |
| Period | 6 |
| Group | 14 |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p² |
| Electronegativity | 1.87 |
| Covalent radius | 146 pm |
| Density | 11.342 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 600.61 K |
| Boiling point | 2022 K |
| Discovery | Known since antiquity |
Overview
Soft, heavy, malleable metal. Used in batteries, radiation shielding, and historically in plumbing. Lead (Pb) is a Post-Transition Metal with atomic number 82, located in period 6, group 14. As a post-transition metal it is fairly soft with a low melting point, turning up in alloys, solders and coatings.
With 4 electrons in its outermost shell, Lead bonds accordingly; full configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p², electronegativity 1.87. At room temperature it is normally a solid; it melts near 600.61 K (327.5 °C), boils near 2022 K (1748.9 °C), has a density around 11.342 g/cm³.
Common applications range across Energy / Batteries and Structural / Alloys. It is regarded as a high-hazard element, so handle it with appropriate care. It has been known since antiquity. See more trends in the visualization center.
Electron shells
Electrons per shell: 2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 4
Main uses
- Energy / Batteries
- Structural / Alloys
Hazard
Compounds containing Lead
No compounds in this knowledge base contain Lead yet.
Data sources
Atomic mass uses IUPAC (CIAAW) standard atomic weights; the covalent radius is from Cordero et al. (2008). Verify on the RSC Periodic Table, PubChem and Wikipedia. Educational reference only.