Vanadium
Vanadium (钒, symbol V) is chemical element number 23, a Transition Metal in period 4, group 5 of the periodic table, with a standard atomic weight of about 50.942. Hard, silvery-gray metal. Strengthens steel alloys used in tools and aerospace.
Properties
| Atomic number | 23 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | V |
| Atomic mass | 50.942 u |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Period | 4 |
| Group | 5 |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d³ 4s² |
| Electronegativity | 1.63 |
| Covalent radius | 153 pm |
| Density | 6.11 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 2183 K |
| Boiling point | 3680 K |
| Discovery | Andrés Manuel del Río, 1801 |
Overview
Hard, silvery-gray metal. Strengthens steel alloys used in tools and aerospace. Vanadium (V) holds position 23 in the periodic table, a Transition Metal in period 4, group 5. As a transition metal it commonly shows several oxidation states, forms coloured compounds, and is widely used in catalysts and alloys.
Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d³ 4s², with 2 electrons in the outer shell, and an electronegativity of about 1.63 (Pauling). Around 25 °C it is usually a solid (a very high melting point); it melts near 2183 K (1909.9 °C), boils near 3680 K (3406.9 °C), has a density around 6.11 g/cm³.
In industry and daily life it turns up in Structural / Alloys and Catalysis. On the safety side, it carries a moderate hazard rating. It was first described by Andrés Manuel del Río in 1801. Use the comparison tool to line it up against other elements.
Electron shells
Electrons per shell: 2 · 8 · 11 · 2
Main uses
- Structural / Alloys
- Catalysis
Hazard
Compounds containing Vanadium
No compounds in this knowledge base contain Vanadium yet.
Data sources
Atomic mass uses IUPAC (CIAAW) standard atomic weights; the covalent radius is from Cordero et al. (2008). Verify on the RSC Periodic Table, PubChem and Wikipedia. Educational reference only.