Yttrium
Yttrium (钇, symbol Y) is chemical element number 39, a Transition Metal in period 5, group 3 of the periodic table, with a standard atomic weight of about 88.906. Silvery transition metal. Critical for LEDs, lasers, and high-temperature superconductors.
Properties
| Atomic number | 39 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Y |
| Atomic mass | 88.906 u |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Period | 5 |
| Group | 3 |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² |
| Electronegativity | 1.22 |
| Covalent radius | 190 pm |
| Density | 4.469 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1799 K |
| Boiling point | 3609 K |
| Discovery | Johan Gadolin, 1794 |
Overview
Silvery transition metal. Critical for LEDs, lasers, and high-temperature superconductors. Yttrium (Y) holds position 39 in the periodic table, a Transition Metal in period 5, group 3. As a transition metal it commonly shows several oxidation states, forms coloured compounds, and is widely used in catalysts and alloys.
It has the configuration [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² and an electronegativity near 1.22; its 2 outer-shell electrons drive its bonding. Under standard conditions it exists as a solid; it melts near 1799 K (1525.9 °C), boils near 3609 K (3335.9 °C), has a density around 4.469 g/cm³.
It is widely used in Electronics / Semiconductors and Structural / Alloys. It was first described by Johan Gadolin in 1794. The periodic trends guide explains the underlying patterns.
Electron shells
Electrons per shell: 2 · 8 · 18 · 9 · 2
Main uses
- Electronics / Semiconductors
- Structural / Alloys
Hazard
Compounds containing Yttrium
No compounds in this knowledge base contain Yttrium yet.
Data sources
Atomic mass uses IUPAC (CIAAW) standard atomic weights; the covalent radius is from Cordero et al. (2008). Verify on the RSC Periodic Table, PubChem and Wikipedia. Educational reference only.